国内外的电磁阀从原理上分为三大类（即：直动式、分步直动式、先导式），而从阀瓣结构和材料上的不同与原理上的区别又分为六个分支小类（直动膜片结构、分步重片结构、先导膜式结构、直动活塞结构、分步直动活塞结构、先导活塞结构）。

直动式电磁阀：

原理：通电时，电磁线圈产生电磁力把关闭件从阀座上提起，阀门打开；断电时，电磁力消失，弹簧把关闭件压在阀座上，阀门关闭。

特点：在真空、负压、零压时能正常工作，但通径一般不超过25mm。

分布直动式电磁阀：

原理：它是一种直动和先导式相结合的原理，当入口与出口没有压差时，通电后，电磁力直接把先导小阀和主阀关闭件依次向上提起，阀门打开。当入口与出口达到启动压差时，通电后，电磁力先导小阀，主阀下腔压力上升，上腔压力下降，从而利用压差把主阀向上推开；断电时，先导阀利用弹簧力或介质压力推动关闭件，向下移动，使阀门关闭。

特点：在零压差或真空、高压时亦能可*动作，但功率较大，要求必须水平安装。

先导式电磁阀：

原理：通电时，电磁力把先导孔打开，上腔室压力迅速下降，在关闭件周围形成上低下高的压差，流体压力推动关闭件向上移动，阀门打开；断电时，弹簧力把先导孔关闭，入口压力通过旁通孔迅速腔室在关阀件周围形成下低上高的压差，流体压力推动关闭件向下移动，关闭阀门。

rexroth电磁阀,Rexroth蓄能器

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